Common Language and Comprehension Disorders
- Aphasia
- Apraxia
- Autism Spectrum
- Selective Mutism
- Dysarthria
Many aspects of modern life hinge on an individual’s ability to communicate effectively, which is why common communication disorders are prime candidates for research and treatment. Despite its seemingly-narrow scope, the term actually describes dozens of different conditions that can be separated into several broad categories. Essentially, a communication disorder can be any neurological, psychological or physical impairment that inhibits a person’s ability to initiate, maintain and comprehend communication with others.
Related Resource: Top 20 Best Online Communications Degree Programs
1. Aphasia
Aphasia is one of the more prevalent examples of a neurological communication disorder and it can also be one of the most devastating. People suffering from this condition may struggle to understand the meaning of a word, even if they can hear, write or say it without issue. This disorder also makes it more challenging to access personal vocabulary and can impact the individual’s ability to read and write. Learning and language therapy can help people with aphasia recover some of their communications skills over time.
2. Apraxia
While sometimes confused with aphasia, apraxia is actually a very different disorder that is characterized by lack of vocal control. Despite sharp differences in symptoms, both disorders can emerge in the aftermath of a stroke, according to the American Stroke Association. People with this disorder struggle to control the movements of mouth and facial muscles, which can interfere with the timing and delivery of speech.
3. Autism Spectrum
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are notoriously difficult to define in detail since the type and severity of symptoms vary greatly in individual cases. ASD symptoms are not confined to speech or language, but they can be a crippling communication disorder for some people. Customized therapy for patients with autism should include specialized sessions to address personal challenges with verbal and non-verbal communication.
4. Selective Mutism
There are many kinds of muteness based on the underlying cause and the conditions that trigger its manifestation. Selective mutism is a recognized disorder that renders people, who are ordinary able communicators, unable to speak. Many young children temporarily suffer from this condition, particularly in new or overwhelming environments. However, maturing children and adults can develop a more prolonged or debilitating selective disorder that impacts their long-term quality of life.
5. Dysarthria
Dysarthria is characterized by slow, slurred or labored speech among various other symptoms. This kind of difficulty with articulating speech is actually a sign of serious damage to muscles and nerve around the mouth, throat or vocal cords. Dysarthria can arise suddenly as a result of an injury or illness, but can also emerge as a result of age-related tissue degeneration.
Modern society may offer accommodations and alternatives to people who struggle to communicate, but these disorders are still a stressful and life-changing problem for some people. Not all of the most common communication disorders can be completely treated, but many are manageable with a combination of personal dedication and professional therapy.